External factors that effect environmental sustainability in Pakistan

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between external factors and environmental sustainability in Pakistan focusing on carbon emission as a dependent variable and FDI, Remittance, Population growth, and Imports as an independent variable. We explore the impact of external factors that affect environmental sustainability in the context of Pakistan. So we apply econometrics techniques such as unit root, Johnson cointegration, and vector error correction model test on the time series data over the period 1980 to 2022 from WDI. In this study, short-run results suggest that remittance can impact significantly on CO2 emissions in the short run. The long-run result suggests population can intensify carbon emissions in Pakistan. So the policymakers in Pakistan encourage to establish a system that promotes environmental sustainability clean environment and inhibits the emission of carbon in Pakistan.