Data Fabrication and Falsification

Data fabrication/falsification

Data falsification and fabrication is a serious issue that that violates code of ethics of publishing and jeopardize the integrity of research and the trustworthiness of researchers. Changing, manipulating, or making up research results or data and reporting them as true so that a research may be manouvered for a targeted outcome, is a serious malpractice.  To ensure this we have a signed copyright declaration statement, and a conflict of interest and data falsification/ fabrication statement from the authors.

As a first step, it ensures a strict implementation of plagiarism policy and checks the similarity index and AI (from November 2025 onward) for all its incoming articles. The permissible limit for similarity index and AI is 19% or below.

The second step includes a warning issued by the Editor.

As a third step, any such article which may have defied the first two stages, will be retracted from the journal’s website.

As a final step, NJE reserves the right to officially notify the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan, for further actions to be taken against such fraudulent researchers.