Comparative Perspectives on Supply Chain and Logistics Management: Insights from Business and Humanitarian Aid Organisations in Pakistan

Abstract

Abstract Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Logistics Management (LM) are two broadly researched notions, but their contextual elucidation and practical distinction are under-researched, especially in developing and conflict-ridden countries. The given study deals with this theoretical dilemma and explores the understanding and operationalisation of SCM and LM in manufacturing and humanitarian assistance (HA) organisations in Pakistan, a place where economic and security considerations are unique and have to be fully addressed. A qualitative research design was used where semi-structured interviews were carried out with six organisations (three manufacturing, three aid organisations) under an interpretivist worldview. The results suggest that, although both sectors are characterized by overlapping roles, i.e., efficiency, timeliness in delivery, and involvement of multiple stakeholders, the two sectors differ greatly in their strategic orientation and operational environment. Manufacturing organisations emphasise supply chain integration and long-term strategic planning, whereas HA organisations prioritise responsiveness and adaptability to emergent needs. The study contributes to supply chain theory by contextualising SCM and LM distinctions in a developing, conflict-prone setting and offers managerial insights to enhance sector-specific supply chain strategies under challenging conditions.