Comparative Perspectives on Supply Chain and Logistics Management: Insights from Business and Humanitarian Aid Organisations in Pakistan

Abstract

Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Logistics Management (LM) are extensively studied fields; yet, their contextual clarification and practical differentiation remain inadequately explored, particularly in economically deprived and conflict-affected nations. This research addresses the theoretical challenge and examines the comprehension and implementation of SCM and LM in business and humanitarian relief companies in Pakistan, where economic and security factors are distinct and must be thoroughly considered. A qualitative research design was employed, utilising semi-structured interviews with six organisations (three business and three humanitarian aid organisations) within an interpretivist framework. The results suggest that, although both sectors are characterised by overlapping roles, i.e., efficiency, timeliness in delivery, and involvement of multiple stakeholders, the two sectors differ greatly in their strategic orientation and operational environment. Business organisations emphasize supply chain integration and long-term strategic planning, whereas Humanitarian Aid (HA) organisations prioritise responsiveness and adaptability to emergent needs. The study contributes to supply chain theory by contextualizing SCM and LM distinctions in a developing, conflict-prone setting of Pakistan and offers managerial insights to enhance sector-specific supply chain strategies under challenging conditions.